Colonialidad epistémica y desafíos geoespaciales : Una crítica al uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a crucial role in contemporary geographical research by enabling the representation and analysis of spatial information. Despite their utility, excessive use has raised concerns, particularly regarding the oversimplification of objective reality. The focus of this article is to question and analyze the limitations and risks stemming from overreliance on GIS within current geographical research. Emphasis is placed on examining the influence of coloniality in this context, highlighting aspects such as methodological standardization and restriction in the diversity of approaches, which may limit the comprehensive understanding of geographical processes and the ability to address the multidimensionality of spatial phenomena. The implications of overvaluing GIS are examined, revealing how this distortion within the dominant structure skews knowledge generation to serve hegemonic interests. This distortion is reflected in the preference for quantitative methodologies and the tendency to underestimate and displace qualitative and field analysis, essential for understanding the complexity of social issues. For the theoretical-methodological discussion on epistemological coloniality established through GIS in cartographic representations, the risk atlases of Campeche and Acapulco, Guerrero, are analyzed. The analysis of Acapulco's atlas includes a comparison before and after the impact of Hurricane Otis. This article invites reflection on the need to balance GIS use by incorporating broader and diverse approaches. By integrating both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to enrich and strengthen the holistic nature of contemporary geographical studies, particularly in the context of risk and disaster management.